Gas warfare began on the Eastern Front at Bolimov during the January of 1915. Imperial Russia experimented with a variety of masks. The most commonly used was perhaps the Moumant-Zelinski made from the second half of 1916, which is worn by the two right hand men here. The device consisted of a reddish rubber hood and a rectangular tin respirator canister supported by neck tapes; when not in use the hood was stowing inside one end of the canister which was slung over the right shoulder. Other respirators were based on mine rescue equipment. The Russians used gas themselves, and by the end of 1916 had 15 chemical (gas) detachments.
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